![[tokamak_logo.svg|300]] Website: [tokamakenergy.com](https://tokamakenergy.com) ### Introduction Tokamak Energy is a UK-based private company focused on developing nuclear fusion technology to provide clean, secure, and sustainable energy. Founded in 2009 by Dr. Mikhail Gryaznevich and Dr. Anthony Scheggi, the company is headquartered in Milton Park, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. While exact employee counts are not publicly disclosed in the latest data, Tokamak Energy has grown significantly over the years, reflecting its position as a key player in the fusion energy sector. Its mission is to commercialize fusion energy using compact spherical tokamaks and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet technology, aiming to deliver a near-unlimited source of carbon-free power. As a private entity, Tokamak Energy does not have a publicly traded ticker symbol. The company has garnered international attention for its innovative approach to fusion energy, positioning itself at the forefront of a rapidly evolving industry with substantial private and public investment. Its work focuses on overcoming the technical challenges of fusion to make it a viable commercial energy source within the next decade. ### Key Products and Technology Tokamak Energy is developing several key technologies centered around nuclear fusion, with a focus on compact spherical tokamaks and advanced magnet systems. Below are the primary products and technologies: - **ST40 (Spherical Tokamak)** - **Type**: Compact spherical tokamak for fusion research and development. - **Technical Specifications**: Achieved plasma current of 1 MA (megampere) in 2025, with goals to reach temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius, necessary for fusion reactions. Recent campaigns have demonstrated significant performance records, though exact power output in MWe is not yet specified as it remains in the experimental phase. - **Fuel Type**: Deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes), typical for fusion reactions. - **Key Differentiators**: Compact design reduces costs compared to traditional larger tokamaks; uses HTS magnets for stronger magnetic fields to confine plasma more efficiently. - **Development Stage**: Operational for research; undergoing major upgrades as of late 2025, with recent successful campaigns achieving performance milestones. - **Target Customers**: Governments, utilities, and energy companies seeking carbon-neutral baseload power in the future. - **High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Magnet Systems** - **Type**: Advanced magnet technology for fusion reactors and other applications. - **Technical Specifications**: Capable of replicating fusion power plant-relevant magnetic fields, with HTS delivering around 200 times the performance of conventional magnets, as announced in November 2025. - **Fuel Type/Energy Source**: Not applicable (support technology for fusion reactors). - **Key Differentiators**: HTS magnets enable smaller, more cost-effective tokamaks by providing stronger magnetic confinement, a critical factor in achieving net-positive fusion energy. - **Development Stage**: Achieved a world-first in 2025 by replicating power plant-relevant magnetic fields in a complete HTS system; transitioning toward commercial applications. - **Target Customers**: Fusion energy developers, industrial sectors requiring high-performance magnets (e.g., medical imaging, transport). Tokamak Energy’s focus on compact designs and HTS technology sets it apart in the race to commercialize fusion, though it remains in the research and development phase with no operational commercial power plants yet. ### Regulatory and Licensing Status As a UK-based company primarily operating in the experimental phase, Tokamak Energy’s regulatory status is less tied to immediate nuclear licensing like that required by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and more focused on safety and research approvals within the UK and EU frameworks. Fusion energy, unlike fission, produces no long-lived radioactive waste and poses fewer safety risks, which may streamline future regulatory processes. However, specific regulatory milestones or licensing applications for commercial deployment are not publicly detailed in the latest available data. The company is part of broader global efforts to develop regulatory frameworks for fusion, as noted in recent industry reports. Governments and regulators are beginning to create bespoke frameworks to accommodate fusion technologies, with the UK and U.S. showing particular interest through joint initiatives ([IAEA.org](https://www.iaea.org)). Tokamak Energy’s timeline for first commercial deployment is estimated to be within the next decade (by the mid-2030s), aligning with industry projections for fusion power, though no firm date is confirmed. ### Team and Leadership Tokamak Energy’s leadership comprises experienced scientists and business leaders in the fusion and energy sectors. Key figures include: - **Chris Martin – CEO**: Oversees the company’s strategic direction and commercialization efforts, bringing expertise in technology development and business growth. - **Dr. Mikhail Gryaznevich – Co-Founder and Chief Scientist**: A pioneer in spherical tokamak research, instrumental in shaping the company’s technical vision. - **Warrick Matthews – Chief Operating Officer**: Manages operations and partnerships, with a background in scaling technology ventures. Specific social media handles for leadership are not verified or widely publicized in the latest data, so they are omitted here. The team’s deep expertise in fusion physics and engineering underpins Tokamak Energy’s innovative approach. ### Funding and Financial Position Tokamak Energy has attracted significant private and public investment, reflecting growing confidence in fusion energy. While exact total funding figures are not publicly updated for 2025, global private investment in fusion exceeds $10 billion, with Tokamak Energy as a prominent recipient ([IAEA.org](https://www.iaea.org)). Key funding milestones include earlier rounds supported by institutional investors and strategic backers, though specific details on the latest round in 2025 are unavailable in current public data. A notable recent development is the £40.5 million (approximately $52 million) joint fusion project with the UK and U.S. governments, announced in December 2024, to advance clean energy technology ([GOV.UK](https://www.gov.uk)). The company remains pre-revenue, as it is still in the research and development phase with no commercial power plants operational. Investors include a mix of sovereign wealth funds, corporations, and energy-focused entities, though specific names for the latest rounds are not disclosed in the available information. ### Recent News and Developments | Date | Event | Details | |---------------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Dec 23, 2025 | RF Heating Milestone | Achieved first-ever RF heating from gyrotron on ST40, delivering over 300kW at 104GHz (via posts found on X). | | Dec 19, 2025 | ST40 Performance Records | ST40 tokamak achieved three new performance records, including highest plasma current of 1 MA (via posts found on X). | | Nov 20, 2025 | HTS Magnet Breakthrough | Replicated fusion power plant-relevant magnetic fields in a complete HTS magnet system, a world-first (via posts found on X). | | Oct 15, 2025 | Plasma Pulse Visualization | Released high-speed color camera footage of ST40 plasma pulses, showcasing research progress (via posts found on X). | | Jul 17, 2025 | Lithium Plasma Control Research | Began exploration of lithium injection effects on ST40 plasma to achieve H-mode (via posts found on X). | These events highlight Tokamak Energy’s active research and technical advancements throughout 2025, positioning it as a leader in fusion innovation. ### Partnerships and Collaborations Tokamak Energy has forged strategic partnerships to accelerate its fusion technology development: - **UK and U.S. Governments**: A £40.5 million joint project announced in December 2024 focuses on advancing fusion energy innovation, providing funding and access to international expertise ([GOV.UK](https://www.gov.uk)). This collaboration enhances Tokamak Energy’s credibility and resources for scaling its technology. - **Industry and Academic Collaborations**: While specific partners are not detailed in 2025 data, the company works with global research institutions and fusion developers to refine its tokamak and HTS technologies, as part of broader industry trends. These partnerships are critical for overcoming technical and financial barriers to commercial fusion energy, though details on utility agreements or offtake contracts remain undisclosed at this stage. ### New Hampshire Relevance Tokamak Energy’s technology, while promising, is not yet ready for immediate deployment in [[New Hampshire]] or elsewhere, as it remains in the research phase with commercial deployment projected for the 2030s. However, its compact spherical tokamak design could align well with New Hampshire’s energy needs in the future. Proximity to existing infrastructure like [[Seabrook Station]] (a nuclear fission plant) and the ISO-NE grid could facilitate integration of fusion power for baseload electricity once commercially viable. The technology’s potential to provide carbon-free power matches New Hampshire’s legislative initiatives, such as HB 710, which supports advanced nuclear energy exploration, though fusion-specific provisions are not explicitly mentioned. Applications in New Hampshire could include grid power for utilities, energy for data centers (a growing sector in the Northeast), and industrial heat for manufacturing. There is no current evidence of direct connections or expressed interest in New Hampshire or the Northeast U.S. specifically by Tokamak Energy, but its involvement in U.S.-UK collaborations suggests openness to North American markets. Deployment timelines (mid-2030s) may lag behind New Hampshire’s immediate energy transition goals, limiting short-term relevance. ### Competitive Position Tokamak Energy competes with other fusion developers like [[Commonwealth Fusion Systems]] ([[Commonwealth Fusion Systems|CFS]]) and [[[[General Fusion]]]]. CFS, based in the U.S., also focuses on HTS magnets and compact tokamaks, with a similar timeline for commercial deployment and significant funding (over $2 billion). General Fusion, based in Canada, pursues a different approach with magnetized target fusion, potentially offering faster scalability but with distinct technical risks. Tokamak Energy’s advantage lies in its pioneering work on spherical tokamaks, which are more compact and potentially cheaper to build, though it faces risks from the unproven commercial viability of fusion and intense competition for talent and funding in the sector. ### Closing Note Tokamak Energy is at an advanced research stage, with promising 2025 milestones positioning it as a frontrunner in fusion energy, though commercial deployment remains years away. *Report generated December 24, 2025*